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Greek Mythology - The Horae
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The Horae (Hours)
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The Twelve Horae were goddesses of the twelve hours of the day and probably also of the twelve months of the year. They oversaw the path of the sun-god Helios as he travelled across the sky, dividing the day into its portions.
The Ancient Greeks did not have hours of fixed length as we do today, instead they divided the hours of daylight into twelve portions, each identified by the position of the sun in the sky. Because of this the length of an hour varied between the longer days of summer and shorter ones of winter.
The twelve Horai were not always clearly distinguishable from the three Horai of the seasons, who were also described as overseeing the paths of the sun, so I have shown both here. The early Greeks only recognised three seasons (Spring, Summer and Winter), not the four seasons we have today.
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The Twelve Hourly Horae
| Goddess Name |
Depicting |
| Auge |
First Light, Daybreak |
Anatole (Anatolia) |
Rising, Sunrise |
Mousika (Musica) |
Music, The Morning Hour of Music and Study |
Gymnastika (Gymnastica) (Gymnasia) |
Athletics, The Morning Hour of Gymnastics or Exercise |
| Nymphe |
Bathing, The Morning Hour of Ablutions (Bathing, Washing) |
| Mesembria |
Midday, Noon |
| Sponde |
Libations, Drinks Poured after Lunch |
| Elete |
Prayer, Work, the First of the Afternoon Work Hours |
Akte (Acte) (Cypris) |
Corn, Meal, Eating and Pleasure, the Second of the Afternoon Work Hours |
| Hesperis |
Ray or Beam, Evening |
| Dysis |
Sunset |
| Arktos |
Last Light |
The Three Seasonal Horae
| 1st Generation |
| Name |
Representing |
| Thallo (Thalette) |
Spring - Buds and Flowers |
| Auxo (Auxesia) |
Summer - Plant Growth |
| Carpo (Xarpo) |
Autumn/Winter - Bringer of Food and Letting Back the Clouds |
| 2nd Generation |
| Name |
Representing |
| Eunomia |
Lawfulness |
| Dike |
Justice |
| Eirene (Irene) |
Peace |
| 3rd Generation |
| Name |
Representing |
| Pherusa |
Goddess of Substance and Farm Estates |
| Euporie |
Goddess of Abundance |
| Orthosie |
Goddess of Prosperity |
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Other useful resources:
Wikipedia - Greek Mythology
Greek Mythology Link
Theoi Project
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